Authorized, Issued, and Outstanding Common Stock

The Company’s authorized common stock has a par value of $0.001 per share and consists of 100,000,000 shares as of March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021; 29,221,158 and 28,705,334 shares were issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The following table summarizes common stock share activity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):

Shares Reserved for Future Issuance

The Company had reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows:

Common Stock Purchase Agreement and Sales Agreement

On April 10, 2020, the Company entered into the Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Aspire Capital pursuant to which the Company has the right to sell to Aspire Capital from time to time in its sole discretion up to $20.0 million in shares of the Company’s common stock over the next 30 months, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Common Stock Purchase Agreement.  The aggregate number of shares that we can sell to Aspire Capital under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement may in no case exceed 1,956,547 shares of the Company’s common stock (which is equal to approximately 19.99% of the common stock outstanding on the date of the Common Stock Purchase Agreement), including the 70,910 commitment shares (the Exchange Cap), unless either (a) shareholder approval is obtained to issue more, in which case the Exchange Cap will not apply, or (b) the average purchase price of all shares sold under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement exceeds $8.461; provided that at no time shall Aspire Capital (together with its affiliates) beneficially own more than 19.99% of the Company’s common stock.  During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company sold 350,000 of its common stock under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement for gross proceeds of $1.5 million and did not sell any common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2021.  During the months ended March 31, 2022, the Company sold 137,610 shares of its common stock and received net proceeds of $0.7 million, and did not sell any common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2021 under the Controlled Equity Offering^SM Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc.

Warrants Associated with the March 2018 and December 2020 Public Offerings

The outstanding warrants associated with the March 2018 and December 2020 public offerings contain a provision where the warrant holder has the option to receive cash, equal to the Black-Scholes fair value of the remaining unexercised portion of the warrant, as cash settlement in the event that there is a fundamental transaction (contractually defined to include various merger, acquisition or stock transfer activities). Due to this provision, ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, requires that these warrants be classified as liabilities. The fair values of these warrants have been determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, and the changes in the fair value are recorded in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations.  During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized gains of $10.0 million and $1.3 million on the warrant liabilities fair value adjustment.  As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of the warrant liabilities was $8.0 million and $18.1 million, respectively.

Warrants Associated with Loan Agreement

In connection with the entry into the Loan Agreement, the Company issued to each of Hercules and SVB a warrant (collectively, the “Warrants”) to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Shares”).  The amount of shares that may be purchased for the Warrants, collectively between Hercules and SVB, will not exceed 0.04 multiplied by the aggregate amount of the term loan advances, divided by the exercise price of the Warrants.  At the closing of the Loan Agreement, the Company issued 113,607 warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock and recognized the initial warrants at their relative fair value in shareholder's equity.  

Upon the funding of the $10.0 million and $5.0 million for the second and third tranches in June 2021 and March 2022, respectively, the associated warrant liabilities of $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, were reclassed to additional paid in capital at settlement. In June 2021 and March 2022, 56,803 and 28,409 warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock were issued upon vesting of the second and third tranches, respectively.